'''Short Description:''' The ocean biogeochemistry reanalysis for the North-West European Shelf is produced using the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM), coupled online to the forecasting ocean assimilation model at 7 km horizontal resolution, NEMO-NEMOVAR. ERSEM (Butenschön et al. 2016) is developed and maintained at Plymouth Marine Laboratory. NEMOVAR system was used to assimilate observations of sea surface chlorophyll concentration from ocean colour satellite data and all the physical variables described in [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009]. Biogeochemical boundary conditions and river inputs used climatologies; nitrogen deposition at the surface used time-varying data. The description of the model and its configuration, including the products validation is provided in the [https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-011.pdf CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-011]. Products are provided as monthly and daily 25-hour, de-tided, averages. The datasets available are concentration of chlorophyll, nitrate, phosphate, oxygen, phytoplankton biomass, net primary production, light attenuation coefficient, pH, surface partial pressure of CO2, concentration of diatoms expressed as chlorophyll, concentration of dinoflagellates expressed as chlorophyll, concentration of nanophytoplankton expressed as chlorophyll, concentration of picophytoplankton expressed as chlorophyll in sea water. All, as multi-level variables, are interpolated from the model 51 hybrid s-sigma terrain-following system to 24 standard geopotential depths (z-levels). Grid-points near to the model boundaries are masked. The product is updated biannually, providing a six-month extension of the time series. See [https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009-011.pdf CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-009_011] for details. '''Associated products:''' This model is coupled with a hydrodynamic model (NEMO) available as CMEMS product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009]. An analysis-forecast product is available from: [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_BGC_004_011 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_BGC_004_011]. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00058

'''Short description:''' Global Ocean- in-situ Near Real time Carbon observations. The In Situ Thematic Assembly Centre (INS TAC) integrates near real-time in situ observation data. This Near-Real Time product contains observations of temperature, salinity and fugacity of carbon dioxide from the surface ocean. These data are collected from ICOS Ocean Thematic Centre (https://otc.icos-cp.eu/home) operational stations, using Standard Operating Procedures for the ocean carbon community. The data are quality controlled using the software QuinCe, which provides automatic Quality Control in the form of range checks, constant value and excessive gradient detection. This product is updated with new observations at a maximum frequency of once a day, depending on the connection capabilities of the platform.

'''This product has been archived''' For operational and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' For the Global Ocean - the OSTIA diurnal skin Sea Surface Temperature product provides daily gap-free maps of: *Hourly mean skin Sea Surface Temperature at 0.25° x 0.25° horizontal resolution, using in-situ and satellite data from infra-red radiometers. The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system is run by the Met Office. A 1/4° (approx. 28 km) hourly analysis of skin Sea Surface temperature (SST) is produced daily for the global ocean. The skin temperature of the ocean is the temperature measured by satellite infra-red radiometers and can experience a large diurnal cycle. The skin SST L4 product is created by combining: 1. the OSTIA foundation SST analysis which uses in-situ and satellite observations; 2. the OSTIA diurnal warm layer analysis which uses satellite observations; and 3. a cool skin model. OSTIA uses satellite data provided by the GHRSST project. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00167

Les Schémas Régionaux Climat Air Énergie doivent définir des orientations destinées à prévenir ou réduire la pollution atmosphérique. Elles seront renforcées dans les « zones sensibles » où la qualité de l’air sera jugée prioritaire. La définition de ces zones a donc un impact important. Pour la région Aquitaine, 394 mailles kilométriques sont considérées comme sensibles. Ce sont 108 communes qui ont été sélectionnées comme étant sensibles au regard de l’ensemble des conditions de sélection. Ces communes représentent ainsi 8 % de la superficie du territoire et 42 % de la population en Aquitaine. La carte met en évidence le rôle du corridor nord sud dans la dégradation de la qualité de l’air en Aquitaine. C’est sur cet axe, ainsi que dans les agglomérations de la région, que l’on retrouve la plupart de ces communes classées sensibles.

'''This product has been archived''' For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' The ocean physics analysis and forecast for the North-West European Shelf is produced using a forecasting ocean assimilation model, with tides, at 1.5 km horizontal resolution coupled with a wave model. The ocean model is NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), using the 3DVar NEMOVAR system to assimilate observations. These are surface temperature, vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, and along track satellite sea level anomaly data. The model is forced by lateral boundary conditions from Copernicus Marine Service product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHY_001_024 GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHY_001_024] and by the Copernicus Marine Service Baltic forecast product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=BALTICSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_003_006 BALTICSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_003_006]. The atmospheric forcing is given by the operational ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction model. The river discharge is from a daily climatology. Further details of the model, including the product validation are provided in the [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-013.pdf CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-013]. The wave model is described in [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014 NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014]. Products are provided as hourly instantaneous, quarter-hourly, and daily 25-hour, de-tided, averages. The datasets available are temperature, salinity, horizontal currents, sea level, mixed layer depth, and bottom temperature. Temperature, salinity and currents, as multi-level variables, are interpolated from the model 51 hybrid s-sigma terrain-following system to 33 standard geopotential depths (z-levels) and from the model rotated grid to a regular lat-lon grid. The product is updated daily, providing a 6-day forecast and the previous 2-day assimilative hindcast. See [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-013_014.pdf CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-013_014] for further details. '''Associated products:''' [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014 NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014]. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00054

Coastal zones are presented as a series of 10 consecutive buffers of 1km width each (towards inland). For this dataset, were treated as sea data all areas with a class value of 523 (sea and ocean) in Corine Land Cover (details in lineage).

"'Short description: ''' Global Ocean - This delayed mode product designed for reanalysis purposes integrates the best available version of in situ data for ocean surface and subsurface currents. Current data from 5 different types of instruments are distributed: * The drifter's near-surface velocities computed from their position measurements. In addition, a wind slippage correction is provided from 1993. Information on the presence of the drogue of the drifters is also provided. * The near-surface zonal and meridional total velocities, and near-surface radial velocities, measured by High Frequency (HF) radars that are part of the European HF radar Network. These data are delivered together with standard deviation of near-surface zonal and meridional raw velocities, Geometrical Dilution of Precision (GDOP), quality flags and metadata. * The zonal and meridional velocities, at parking depth (mostly around 1000m) and at the surface, calculated along the trajectories of the floats which are part of the Argo Program. * The velocity profiles within the water column coming from Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (vessel mounted ADCP, Moored ADCP, saildrones) platforms * The near-surface and subsurface velocities calculated from gliders (autonomous underwater vehicle) trajectories '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.17882/86236

'''This product has been archived''' '''DEFINITION''' Estimates of Ocean Heat Content (OHC) are obtained from integrated differences of the measured temperature and a climatology along a vertical profile in the ocean (von Schuckmann et al., 2018). The regional OHC values are then averaged from 60°S-60°N aiming i) to obtain the mean OHC as expressed in Joules per meter square (J/m2) to monitor the large-scale variability and change. ii) to monitor the amount of energy in the form of heat stored in the ocean (i.e. the change of OHC in time), expressed in Watt per square meter (W/m2). Ocean heat content is one of the six Global Climate Indicators recommended by the World Meterological Organisation for Sustainable Development Goal 13 implementation (WMO, 2017). '''CONTEXT''' Knowing how much and where heat energy is stored and released in the ocean is essential for understanding the contemporary Earth system state, variability and change, as the ocean shapes our perspectives for the future (von Schuckmann et al., 2020). Variations in OHC can induce changes in ocean stratification, currents, sea ice and ice shelfs (IPCC, 2019; 2021); they set time scales and dominate Earth system adjustments to climate variability and change (Hansen et al., 2011); they are a key player in ocean-atmosphere interactions and sea level change (WCRP, 2018) and they can impact marine ecosystems and human livelihoods (IPCC, 2019). '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' Regional trends for the period 2005-2019 from the Copernicus Marine Service multi-ensemble approach show warming at rates ranging from the global mean average up to more than 8 W/m2 in some specific regions (e.g. northern hemisphere western boundary current regimes). There are specific regions where a negative trend is observed above noise at rates up to about -5 W/m2 such as in the subpolar North Atlantic, or the western tropical Pacific. These areas are characterized by strong year-to-year variability (Dubois et al., 2018; Capotondi et al., 2020). Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00236

'''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Description:''' This product is a NRT L4 global total velocity field at 0m and 15m. It consists of the zonal and meridional velocity at a 6h frequency and at 1/4 degree regular grid produced on a daily basis. These total velocity fields are obtained by combining CMEMS NRT satellite Geostrophic Surface Currents and modelled Ekman current at the surface and 15m depth (using ECMWF NRT wind). 6 hourly product, daily and monthly mean are available. This product has been initiated in the frame of CNES/CLS projects. Then it has been consolidated during the Globcurrent project (funded by the ESA User Element Program). '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00049

'''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' You can find here the new Mercator Ocean (Toulouse, FR) Global Ocean Ensemble Reanalysis: monthly means of Temperature, Salinity, Currents and Ice variables at 1 degree horizontal resolution for 75 vertical levels, starting from 1993 onward. Global ocean reanalyses are homogeneous 3D gridded descriptions of the physical state of the ocean spanning several decades, produced with a numerical ocean model constrained with data assimilation of satellite and in situ observations. The multi-model ensemble approach allows uncertainties or error bars in the ocean state to be estimated. The ensemble mean may even provide, for certain regions and/or periods, a more reliable estimate than any individual reanalysis product. The four reanalyses, used to create the ensemble, covering “altimetric era” period (starting from 1st of January 1993) during which altimeter altimetry data observations are available: * GLORYS2V4 from Mercator Ocean (Fr) ; * ORAS5 from ECMWF ; * GloSea5 from Met Office (UK) ; * and C-GLORS05 from CMCC (It). ; provided as four different time series of global ocean simulations 3D monthly estimates, post-processed to create this Global Reanalysis Ensemble Product (GREP). Available variables are temperature, salinity, velocities and ice variables. These reanalyses are built to be as close as possible to the observations (i.e. realistic) and in agreement with the model physics. The numerical products available for users are monthly mean averages describing the ocean from surface to bottom (5900 m). '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00023