A central part of GEO’s Mission is to build the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). GEOSS is a set of coordinated, independent Earth observation, information and processing systems that interact and provide access to diverse information for a broad range of users in both public and private sectors. GEOSS links these systems to strengthen the monitoring of the state of the Earth. It facilitates the sharing of environmental data and information collected from the large array of observing systems contributed by countries and organizations within GEO. Further, GEOSS ensures that these data are accessible, of identified quality and provenance, and interoperable to support the development of tools and the delivery of information services. Thus, GEOSS increases our understanding of Earth processes and enhances predictive capabilities that underpin sound decision-making: it provides access to data, information and knowledge to a wide variety of users. This ‘system of systems’, through its Common Infrastructure (GCI), proactively links together existing and planned observing systems around the world and support the need for the development of new systems where gaps currently exist. It will promote common technical standards so that data from the thousands of different instruments can be combined into coherent data sets. The ‘GEOSS Portal’ offers a single Internet access point for users seeking data, imagery and analytical software packages relevant to all parts of the globe. It connects users to existing data bases and portals and provides reliable, up-to-date and user friendly information – vital for the work of decision makers, planners and emergency managers. (reference: from https://www.earthobservations.org/geoss.php)

The Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology Observing Programmes Support Centre, provides technical coordination at international level for the sustained elements of the Global Ocean Observing System. The Centre monitors in real-time the status of the observing networks and provides a toolbox to evaluate their performance and optimize their implementation and data flow. Currently OceanOPS monitors the Argo profiling floats, the DBCP surface drifters, coastal and tropical moorings, ice buoys, tsunami buoys, the OceanSITES moorings time-series, the GO-SHIP hydrographic reference lines, the SOT mat/ocean ship based observations and the GLOSS sea level tide gauges. A number of other observing systems are being added gradually, including ocean gliders, polar systems, marine mammals and potentially HF radars.

Calculation of the average annual sediment balance per stretch of coast for the past 100 years for all coastal zones bordering the North Atlantic Ocean. For this scale of study, this has been interpreted in terms of shoreline advance / retreat in mm/year. Required data sources are therefore national or international datasets giving this parameter directly. It is also possible to utilise more aggregated data sources, but annual values would then be approximated from them. The main challenge in producing this product lies with obtaining datasets which include this data from multiple countries and potentially multiple languages, since this data is usually produced as a result of comparatively small scale studies.

Gestion de la taxe de séjour des Etablissements Touristiques aux forfaits (Montant/suivi déclaration/suivi facturation) à l'échelle des communautés de communes.

Maps of seasonal p90 (percentile 90) of Chla on the North Atlantic basin for the past ten years (2005-2014) using the Global Copernicus chla level 4 (L4) products (resolution of 4 km). Method as Gohin Francis, Saulquin Bertrand, Bryere Philippe (2010) Atlas de la Température, de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du plateau continental français et de ses abords de l’Ouest européen. Ifremer. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00057/16840/

Cartographie historique des écluses à poissons sur l'île de Ré.

Le 14 mars 2017, un décret fixant un socle de données de référence mis à disposition par le service public est promulgué. Il entre en vigueur le 1er avril 2017. Ce décret est issu de l’article 14 de la LOI n° 2016-1321 du 7 octobre 2016 « pour une République numérique » dite « loi Lemaire ». Le décret a arrêté 9 données de références : - La Base Adresse Nationale (BAN) - Le Code Officiel Géographique (COG) - Le Plan Cadastral Informatisé (PCI) - Le Référentiel de l'organisation administrative de l'Etat - Le Référentiel à Grande Echelle (RGE) - Le Répertoire National des Associations (RNA) - Le Répertoire Opérationnel des Métiers et des Emplois (ROME) - Le Registre Parcellaire Graphique (RPG) : contours des îlots culturaux et leur groupe de cultures majoritaire - La base Sirene des entreprises et de leurs établissements (SIREN, SIRET) Le décret d’application 2017-3315 du 14 mars 2017 relatif au service public fixe la mise à disposition de ces données de référence en vue de faciliter leur réutilisation. Ces 9 données de références ont été choisis par rapport à leur fort impact économique et social. Le 14 juin 2017, un arrêté du Premier Ministre fixe le format, la description et les modalités de mise à disposition (voir lien URL). --- 3 types de licence concernent les bases de données diffusées en open data : - Licence Ouverte (LO): élaborée par la mission Etalab. Décret 2017 la désigne comme licence de référence pour les administrations pour la publication données publiques. Réutilisation large car autorise la reproduction, redistribution, l'adaptation et exploitation commerciale des données. Compatible avec les standards des licences Open Data internationaux. Obligation de mentionner la paternité (source : nom du "concédant" et date de dernière MAJ de la donnée ou renvoi lien URL vers la source d'information) - Licence ODbL: autorise à copier, distribuer, utiliser la BDD, produire des créations à partir de cette BDD et modifier, transformer, construire à partir de cette BDD. Obligation de mentionner la source des données, partager à l'identique les BDD dérivées, garder ouvertes ces données. Les données proposées sous cette licence sont similaires à celle de la licence d'en-dessous mais le libellé à la norme AFNOR et d'acheminement ne sont pas disponibles. Les données subissent des traitements de qualité supplémentaires. - Licence gratuite de repartage: autorise à copier, distribuer, utiliser la BDD et produire des créations à partir de cette BDD, modifier, transformer et construire à partir de cette BDD. Obligation de mentionner la source, ne pas commercialiser la donnée, communiquer à IGN et La Poste des bases dérivées et leur céder les droits d'auteurs et de propriété industrielle.

The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), is a global organization that develops science and advice to support the sustainable use of the oceans. ICES is a network of more than 5,000 scientists from over 690 marine institutes in 20 member countries and beyond. 1,500 scientists participate in our activities annually. ICES has a well-established Data Centre, which manages a number of large dataset collections related to the marine environment. The majority of data – covering the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea – originate from national institutes that are part of the ICES network. The ICES Data Centre provides marine data services to ICES member countries, expert groups, world data centres, regional seas conventions (HELCOM and OSPAR), the European Environment Agency (EEA), Eurostat, and various other European projects and biodiversity portals. ICES aims to provide all data collections online and according to the ICES Data policy, which enables open access to all data that are do not fall under specific commercial or personal privacy concerns.

The in-situ TAC integrates and quality control in a homogeneous manner in situ data from outside Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) data providers to fit the needs of internal and external users. It provides access to integrated datasets of core parameters for initialization, forcing, assimilation and validation of ocean numerical models which are used for forecasting, analysis and re-analysis of ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions. The in-situ TAC comprises a global in-situ centre and 6 regional in-situ centres (one for each EuroGOOS ROOSs). The focus of the CMEMS in-situ TAC is on parameters that are presently necessary for Copernicus Monitoring and Forecasting Centres namely temperature, salinity, sea level, current, waves, chlorophyll / fluorescence, oxygen and nutrients. The initial focus has been on observations from autonomous observatories at sea (e.g. floats, buoys, gliders, ferrybox, drifters, and ships of opportunity). The second objective was to integrate products over the past 25 to 50 years for re-analysis purposes... Gathering data from outsider organisations requires strong mutual agreements. Integrating data into ONE data base requires strong format standard definition and quality control procedures. The complexity of handling in situ observation depends not only on the wide range of sensors that have been used to acquire them but, in addition to that, the different operational behaviour of the platforms (i.e vessels allow on board human supervision, while the supervision of others should be put off until recovering or message/ping reception)°

The project was designed to explore biological rhythms in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. The experiment provides the first high-resolution temporal transcriptomes of an hydrothermal species, both in situ and in the laboratory.