The objective of the TROPHIK project was to model the role of offshore wind turbines and other anthropogenic activities in modifying the functioning of thefood webs of the Bay of Seine by taking climate change into account. TROPHIK has initiated a methodology to move from the sectoral vision of environmental impact studies to a functional and holistic approach. The analysis of the sensitivity of the functioning of the food web to the development of offshore wind farms represents a solid basis for recommending new areas of implantation. This approach will be completed within the framework of APPEAL and WINDSERV by integrating the societal and economic environment as well as biogeochemical forcings

The objective of the APPEAL project was to develop an integrated approach to measure the effects of floating offshore wind farms on the functioning of coastal ecosystems.

The objective of the COME3T project were: • To provide elements of expertise, synthesis and recommendations on the identification of environmental priority issues for the ORE through the establishment of a lead neutral experts committee. • To install a French and unique network of experts that can be consulted by all ORE stakeholders.

This report focuses on two important parameters for biofouling image analysis: the artificial light and the distance to the structure. The first section presents the available tool that was already deployed in several studies in link with industrial needs (O’Byrne et al., 2018c) and the laboratory equipment. Section 2 focuses on the automatic segmentation algorithm and the indicators of quality of assessments. Finally section 3 introduces configurations that were tested and the key results.

This work seeks to understand to what extent the future wind farms that will be established in the Channel and the Atlantic can complement the existing network of MPAs in terms of surface gain on the one hand and coverage of the three facets of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic) on the other hand. In a second step, a draft optimization of the network of wind farms in the Bay of Biscay and in the English Channel was carried out in order to identify the locations optimizing the conservation of taxonomic diversity

Proposal of protocols for measuring several biofouling variables (fresh weight in air, fresh weight in water, biovolume, thickness) that were tested during the project.

This report presents the analysis of the effects of climate change on the spatial distribution of different marine species frequenting the study site called Baie de Seine étendue using ecological niche models

Review to identify the state of knowledge on anodes and their environmental impact. Report serving as a basis for further work (deliverables 3 and 4)

The use of an ecological niche model has made it possible to characterize, on the one hand, the effects of climate change on the native species of the Bay of Biscay, such as displacements of favorable habitats towards higher latitudes, or, in a to a lesser extent, a decrease in the area of ​​favorable habitat for native species. On the other hand, the potential displacement of the favorable habitat of some subtropical species (currently present along the Moroccan coast) in the Bay of Biscay could be expected. They would then become non-indigenous species (NIS)

This report presents the statistical study of the effects of the implementation of the Courseulles sur mer wind farm on the emergent properties of the ecosystem