210Pb, 226Ra and 137Cs were measured by non-destructive gamma spectrometry on marine sediment cores, collected during RIKEAU 2002 cruise on board r/v Thalia, on the shelf of the Bay of Biscay

Data were collected from the regional program LOUPE (Observation of the habitat and associated communities in the context of the fisheries of the Capbreton Canyon). It consisted in the observations of two métiers practiced around the canyon. The observations were carried out between July 2011 and April 2013 on coastal boats. Observations and interviews were made on board commercial vessels. The longlines used in the hake fishery are semi-pelagic and are deployed on the edge of the Capbreton Canyon. It is an emblematic and major métier benefiting from a particular regulation as they take advantage of a prohibition of net and trawl fishing on their fishing grounds. Between 8 and 14 costal boats practice this métier during the year and the fleet characteristics are homogeneous. Boats lay between 1,200 and 1,800 hooks per day, baited with frozen pilchard (Sardina pilchardus). Two or three men are on board these vessels. Fishing is mostly practiced in spring and summer but a small number of vessels work all year. Generally, trips last between ten and twelve hours; longline is set before sunrise and retrieved three or four hours later. Hake is the main targeted species; other targets are pollack (Pollachius pollachius), red sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) and conger (Conger conger). Netting is a major métier in terms of vessels involved and the number of trips. Crew composition varies and depends on boat length (from one to four men on average). This métier is practiced by 30 to 35 boats all year round, but fleet characteristics are less homogeneous than in the case of longliners . The strategy of these netters operating in the coastal area is based on the use of several types of nets (gillnets and trammel nets) targeting several species, often sold directly to consumers on the docks. Gillnets, consisting of a single mesh, target hake, sea bass and sea bream species (Diplodus spp, Sparus aurata, Litognathus mormyrus), while the trammel nets (three meshes) are used to capture benthic fish, such as common sole, monkfish (Lophius spp), turbot and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus). Generally, trips last less than twelve hours for coastal netters (less than 15 m), which predominate in the sector, and a few days for large netters. On average, the coastal vessels set 6000 to 8000 m. nets daily.

La Flotte océanographique française regroupe une panoplie de navires de recherche, d'engins sous-marins et d'équipements mobiles, lui donnant accès à tous les océans et mers du globe, hors zone polaire : - quatre navires hauturiers (Marion Dufresne, Pourquoi pas ?, L'Atalante, Thalassa) capables de réaliser des campagnes océanographiques sur tous les océans (hors zones polaires) ; - deux navires semi-hauturiers (Antea et Alis) réalisant des missions océanographiques de physique, chimie, halieutique, d'exploration de la colonne d'eau et de cartographie sous-marine. Ces navires opèrent en Méditérannée, dans l'océan Indien et Tropical atlantique, dans le Pacifique Sud-ouest et en Outre-mer ; - cinq navires côtiers (L'Europe, Thalia, Côtes de la Manche, Tethys II et Haliotis) utilisés en Manche-Atlantique et en Méditerranée pour des campagnes scientifiques nombreuses et variées avec une capacité à assurer un continuum de moyens entre le littoral et le hauturier ; - sept navires de station, pouvant des sorties de la journée à trois jours, pour les plus récents, répartis sur les façades maritimes métropolitaines : Antedon II (Marseille), Sepia II (Wimereux), Nereis (Port-Vendres), Neomysis (Roscoff), Albert Lucas (Brest), Planula IV (Arcachon), Sagitta III (Nice). On peut connaître leur position en temps réel sur le site de la Flotte océanographique française. Un service de visualisation web WMS est également disponible.

La Flotte océanographique française (FOF) est la plus importante des cinq infrastructures de recherche « étoile » (IR*) dans le domaine des Sciences du Système Terre et de l’environnement. En tant qu’IR*, la FOF relève de la politique nationale et fait l’objet d’un fléchage budgétaire direct du Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR). Infrastructure distribuée au bénéfice de l’ensemble de la communauté scientifique, l’IR* FOF est depuis 2018 confiée à un opérateur unique, Ifremer. L’IR* FOF se compose à ce jour de quatre navires hauturiers capables d’opérer sur tous les océans du globe (hors zones polaires), d’un navire semi-hauturier basé en Nouvelle-Calédonie, de cinq navires côtiers, de sept navires de station armés par le CNRS/INSU et de six engins sous-marins. L’ensemble de ces navires et engins disposent d'équipements scientifiques communs, fixes ou mobiles. L’essentiel de l’activité de l’IR* FOF (~75%) concerne le déploiement des opérations à la mer au bénéfice des organismes de recherche académiques (recherche scientifique et enseignement universitaire). Elle met également en œuvre des campagnes en appui aux politiques publiques, dans le cadre de partenariats (notamment avec la Marine nationale) et peut également être sollicitée pour des affrètements. Au sein d’Ifremer, la Direction de la Flotte (DFO) est le département en charge de gérer et opérer l’IR* FOF. La DFO s’appuie sur deux unités techniques qui maintiennent et développent les moyens de l’IR* et sur une unité opérationnelle qui gère et programme l’activité des navires et engins. Enfin, la DFO confie l’armement des navires et la mise en œuvre des opérations à la mer à son prestataire, Genavir. Un processus d’évaluation par les pairs permet l’accès aux moyens de l’IR* Flotte pour la communauté scientifique. Les dossiers soumis aux appels à projets annuels (l’un pour les navires hauturiers, l’autre pour les navires côtiers) et semestriels (pour les navires de stations) sont évalués par des commissions expertes sur des critères de qualité scientifique. Les données acquises lors des campagnes déployées par l’IR* FOF sont bancarisées au SISMER. Les porteurs des campagnes mises en œuvre doivent en outre rendre compte des résultats obtenus sous la forme de fiches de valorisation accessibles sur le catalogue des campagnes.

The Programme Ocean Multidisciplinaire Meso Echelle (POMME) was designed to describe and quantify the role of mesoscale processes in the subduction of mode waters in the Northeast Atlantic. Intensive situ measurements were maintained during 1 year (September 2000 - October 2001), over a 8 degrees square area centered on 18 degrees W, 42 degrees N. In order to synthesized the in-situ physical observations, and merge them with satellite altimetry and surface fluxes datasets, a simplified Kalman filter has been designed. Daily fields of temperature, salinity, and stream function were produced on a regular grid over a full seasonal cycle. We propose here the gridded fields (KA_ files) and the in-situ datasets used by the analysis (Data_ files).

Raw underway marine magnetic data collected : - by french oceanographic vessels and national equipment managed by the French Oceanographic Fleet (FOF) - by foreign oceanographic vessels in collaboration with Ifremer - by Ifremer's historic vessels (Jean Charcot, Nadir, Suroit) operated before the FOF was set up

Raw multibeam echosouner data (bathymetric and reflectivity) archived at SISMER, acquired: - by oceanographic vessels and national equipment managed by the French Oceanographic Fleet (FOF) - by foreign oceanographic vessels in collaboration with Ifremer - by Ifremer's historic vessels (Jean Charcot, Nadir, Suroit) operated before the FOF was set up

This dataset comprises energy density and proximal composition (water, ash, lipid and protein contents) for anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) from the Bay of Biscay, the English Channel and the southern North Sea between 2014 and 2017. Fish were sampled throughout various seasons thanks to the PELGAS (May, Bay of Biscay), EVHOE (October-November, Bay of Biscay), CGFS and CAMANOC (September-October, English Channel) surveys conducted by IFREMER on the RV “Thalassa”, to the JUVENA (September-October, Bay of Biscay) survey conducted by AZTI, and from commercial landings within the European Data Collection Framework (DCF) during the CAPTAIN project (France Filière Pêche). During the surveys, pelagic (PELGAS and JUVENA) or demersal (EVHOE and CGFS) trawl hauls are undertaken to identify species and measure individual fish traits. Professional sampling was performed from pelagic trawl or purse-seine catches. From the various surveys, a sub-sampling of the trawls was performed to cover as much as possible the spatial extent of the surveys along the french coast. From the various selected trawls, a sub-sampling of 5 fish per size class (when possible) was performed to cover the size range of each species, based on the following size classes : sardine (1 : <15 cm ; 2 : 15-20 cm ; 3 : >20cm), anchovy (1 : <10cm ; 2 : 10-14 cm ; 3 : >14cm). Each fish was individually measured to the nearest tenth of a centimeter and weighted to the nearest tenth of a gram. These measurements were taken either at sea or later in the laboratory. The collected fish were frozen individually at -20°C before laboratory processing. In the laboratory, maturity stages were determined following ICES guidelines (ICES, 2008) based on macroscopic gonads observation and using a six-stage key as follows: stages 1 & 2 indicate immature and developing individuals, stages 3–5 indicate three steps of increasing gonad development and the spawning period (stage 3: partial pre-spawning; stage 4: spawning (hydrated); stage 5: partial post-spawning), and stage 6 features the final post-spawning period. Fish characterised by maturity stages 3, 4 or 5 were considered as being in an active reproductive period as opposed to fish in stages 1, 2 or 6. Fish were then ground and freeze-dried during at least 48 hours. Water content of the entire fish was determined from dry mass and wet mass ratio. Then, fish were ground again to obtain fine homogeneous dry powder for subsequent analysis. Energy density measurements were performed following the protocols of Gatti et al. (2018). Two subsamples of fish powder were placed in an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (IKA C-4000 adiabatic bomb calorimeter, IKA-WerkeGmbh & co. KG) for energy measurements. The energy density (ED, kJ.g-1 dry mass) was determined by measuring the heat released through the combustion of a small subsample, approximately 200 mg. If the coefficient of variation between the two measurements exceeded 3%, a third measurement was made. Finally, ED subsamples measurements were averaged and assigned to each individual fish. Energy density analyses were conducted on 503 individuals for anchovy and 976 individuals for sardine. Ash content was determined gravimetrically by combusting dried tissue in a muffle furnace at 550°C for six hours. Lipids and proteins were analysed by a certified laboratory (Labocea, Plouzané, France). Protein content was estimated using the Kjeldahl method. It consists in first determining the quantity of nitrogen contained in the sample, and to convert it into protein content using a conversion factor (6.25 here). Lipid content was determined by hydrolysis, using petroleum ether as an organic solvent. Carbohydrates represent less than 1% of fish mass and were thus neglected. Protein, lipid and ash content did not exactly sum to 1 in DW (anchovy: mean = 0.91, sd = 0.04; sardine: mean = 0.90, sd = 0.04). This discrepancy may arise from residual water, measurement uncertainties, or to a lesser extent the exclusion of carbohydrates. Body component contents have been normalised by dividing each component by the sum of lipids, proteins and ash content, to sum to one, enabling comparisons between fishes, assuming proportional errors across the components. A total of 116 and 104 proximate composition analyses were performed for anchovy and sardine, respectively.

Raw underway marine gravity data archived at SISMER, acquired: - by oceanographic vessels and national equipment managed by the French Oceanographic Fleet (FOF) - by foreign oceanographic vessels in collaboration with Ifremer - by Ifremer's historic vessels (Jean Charcot, Nadir, Suroit) operated before the FOF was set up

Raw single-beam echosounder data archived at SISMER, acquired: - by oceanographic vessels and national equipment managed by the French Oceanographic Fleet (FOF) - by foreign oceanographic vessels in collaboration with Ifremer - by Ifremer's historic vessels (Jean Charcot, Nadir, Suroit) operated before the FOF was set up