The raster dataset represents fishing intensity (kilowatt per fishing hour) by pelagic towed gears in the European seas. The dataset has been derived from Automatic Identification System (AIS) based pelagic fishing intensity data received from the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre - Independent experts of the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (JRC STECF), as well as from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) and logbook based pelagic fishing effort data from HELCOM Commission. The temporal extent varies between the data sources (between 2013 and 2015). The dataset has been transformed to a logarithmic scale (ln1). This dataset has been prepared for the calculation of the combined effect index, produced for the ETC/ICM Report 4/2019 "Multiple pressures and their combined effects in Europe's seas" available on: https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-icm/etc-icm-report-4-2019-multiple-pressures-and-their-combined-effects-in-europes-seas-1.

Calculation of the average annual sediment balance per stretch of coast for the past 10 years for all coastal zones bordering the North Atlantic Ocean. For this scale of study, this has been interpreted in terms of shoreline advance / retreat in mm/year. Required data sources are therefore national or international datasets giving this parameter directly. It is also possible to utilise more aggregated data sources, but annual values would then be approximated from them. The main challenge in producing this product lies with obtaining datasets which include this data from multiple countries and potentially multiple languages, since this data is usually produced as a result of comparatively small scale studies.

Map at 1 degree resolution of 50-year linear trend in sea water temperature at 3 levels: surface, 500m, bottom.

Observations of Sea surface temperature and salinity are now obtained from voluntary sailing ships using medium or small size sensors. They complement the networks installed on research vessels or commercial ships. The delayed mode dataset proposed here is upgraded annually as a contribution to GOSUD (http://www.gosud.org )

The "EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM) - 2018" is a multilayer bathymetric product for Europe’s sea basins covering: • the Greater North Sea, including the Kattegat and stretches of water such as Fair Isle, Cromarty, Forth, Forties,Dover, Wight, and Portland • the English Channel and Celtic Seas • Western Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea and the Central Mediterranean Sea • Iberian Coast and Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) • Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean) • Aegean - Levantine Sea (Mediterranean). • Madeira and Azores (Macaronesia) • Baltic Sea • Black Sea • Norwegian and Icelandic Seas • Canary Islands (Macaronesia) • Arctic region and Barentz Sea The DTM is based upon more than 9400 bathymetric survey data sets and Composite DTMs that have been gathered from 49 data providers from 24 countries riparian to European seas. Also Satellite Derived Bathymetry data products have been included derived from Landsat 8 satellite images. The source reference layer in the portal viewing service gives metadata of the data sets used with their data providers; the metadata also acknowledges the data originators. The incorporated survey data sets itself can be discovered and requested for access through the Common Data Index (CDI) data discovery and access service that in September 2018 contained > 27.000 survey data sets from European data providers for global waters. This discovery service makes use of SeaDataNet standards and services and have been integrated in the EMODnet portal (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/bathymetry#bathymetry-services ). The Composite DTMs are described using the Sextant Catalogue Service that makes also use of SeaDataNet standards and services. Their metadata can be retrieved through interrogating the Source Reference map in the Central Map Viewing service (https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geoviewer/ ). In addition, the EMODnet Map Viewer gives users wide functionality for viewing and downloading the EMODnet digital bathymetry such as: • water depth (refering to the Lowest Astronomical Tide Datum - LAT) in gridded form on a DTM grid of 1/16 * 1/16 arc minute of longitude and latitude (ca 115 * 115 meters) • option to view depth parameters of individual DTM cells and references to source data • option to download DTM in 58 tiles in different formats: EMO, EMO (without GEBCO data), ESRI ASCII, ESRI ASCII Mean Sea Level, XYZ, NetCDF (CF), RGB GeoTiff and SD • option to visualize the DTM in 3D in the browser without plug-in • layer with a number of high resolution DTMs for coastal regions • layer with wrecks from the UKHO Wrecks database. The EMODnet DTM is also available by means of OGC web services (WMS, WFS, WCS, WMTS), which are specified at the EMODnet Bathymetry portal. The original datasets themselves are not distributed but described in the metadata services, giving clear information about the background survey data used for the DTM, their access restrictions, originators and distributors and facilitating requests by users to originator.

'''This product has been archived''' '''Short description:''' Arctic sea ice thickness from merged SMOS and Cryosat-2 (CS2) observations during freezing season between October and April. The SMOS mission provides L-band observations and the ice thickness-dependency of brightness temperature enables to estimate the sea-ice thickness for thin ice regimes. On the other hand, CS2 uses radar altimetry to measure the height of the ice surface above the water level, which can be converted into sea ice thickness assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00125

These products contain global near real time (NRT) Level 2P skin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) derived from SLSTR-A on Copernicus Sentinel-3 at full-resolution swath (1 km at nadir) in GHRSST compliant NetCDF format. All SSTs from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) series of instruments are SST skin measurements. For more details please see “What is SST?” on the GHRSST web pages. At night, the skin temperature is typically a few tenths of a degree cooler than the temperature measured by in situ systems; in the day, the skin can be considerably higher if strong diurnal warming is present. The SLSTRs are dual-view self-calibrating radiometers with SST retrieved from spectral bands at nominally 3.74, 10.85 and 12 µm (referred to as S7, S8 & S9). Corrections for water vapour atmospheric absorption are performed using a triple window at night, and a split window during the day as the 3.7 µm channel is not used due to solar contamination. All pixels in the dual-view part of the swath are viewed twice, via nadir and oblique views with different atmospheric path lengths, allowing for correction for aerosol effects. Consequently, there are four possible retrieved SSTs, referred to as N2 (nadir-only 11 µm and 12 µm), N3 (nadir-only 3.7 µm, 11 µm and 12 µm), D2 (dual-view 11 µm and 12 µm) and D3 (dual-view 3.7 µm, 11 µm and 12 µm). The L2P file contains the best SST available for each pixel and flags are included to identify which retrieval is used. If the observation is in the nadir-only / single-view part of swath then "sst_algorithm_types" is N2 or N3, and if the observation is in the dual-view part of swath then "sst_algorithm_types" is D2 or D3. For D2 or D3 pixels it is possible to generate their N2 or N3 equivalent by subtracting the value in the "dual_nadir_sst_difference" field. Users are advised to use only QL = 5 dual-view SSTs for reference sensor applications and to use single-view (all quality levels) and quality level 3 and 4 dual-view data only for other qualitative analysis. Users are reminded to apply the SSES bias adjustments as SLSTR-B is harmonised to SLSTR-A through SSES. Users can consider using the "theoretical_uncertainty" for weighting observations rather than the simple SSES standard deviation values. Primary access to data is via the EUMETSAT Data Store (linked below). Other access methods can be found in the EUMETSAT Product Navigator https://navigator.eumetsat.int/product/EO:EUM:DAT:SENTINEL-3:SL_2_WST___NRT?query=slstr&results=22&s=advanced. Please also read the EUMETSAT SLSTR Product Notices (linked below) as they provide a lot of useful information. All products currently contain SLSTRA-MAR-L2P-v1.0 as the GHRSST Collection ID in the file metadata, which will be revised in a future release.