Daily air-sea heat fluxes dataset on the last 27 years (1992-2018). Global coverage with 0.25° resolution. Data is mainly coming from aggregated calibrated scatterometer datasets and numerical models. Main geophysical parameters are: sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, wind speed, SST, air temperature. Latest version : 4.1 released in June 2019.

The European Union’s Copernicus-funded TRUSTED project (Towards Fiducial Reference Measurements of Sea-Surface Temperature by European Drifters) has deployed over 100 state of the art drifting buoys for improved validation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometers (SLSTR). These buoys are manufactured by NKE. The TRUSTED drifting buoys data and metadata are distributed in qualtity control NetCDF files, as a subset of DBCP drifting buoys GDAC (Global Data Assembly Centre). Coriolis DAC  (Data Assembly Centre) routinely collects, decodes, quality controls, preserves and distributes data and metadata as NetCDF-CF files. The TRUSTED buoys have specific features managed by Coriolis DAC python data processing chain: a high resolution temperature sensor in addition to the classic drifting buoy temperature sensor. The high sampling and high resolution observations are distributed in specific variables TEMP_HR, TEMP_HR_SPOT, TEMP_HR_XX (XX is the percentile sample).  

During 33 years, from January 1986 to December 2018, seawater temperature has then been registered daily at 4pm in the pumping station[1] of the Nuclear Power Station of Flamanville located 25 km south west of Cherbourg. In order to cool their condensers, seawater has been drawn off with a water flows of 45 m3s-1. The monthly average seawater temperature minimum has been registered in February (8,90°C), with extremes values in 1986 (6,80°C) and 2016 (10,33°C). The maximum of the seawater temperature has been registered in august (17, 81°C), varying from 16,28°C in 1986 to 18,60°C in 2014. The annual average seawater temperature is 13,09°C when using monthly average values and 13,13°C using all 12053 individuals values. Mean annual values differ from 11,37 °C in 1986 to 14,18 °C in 2014. Before this time-series of 33 years, the only dataset available had been registered between 1904 and 1923 and had been published in 35 by J. R. Lumby[2], from the Ministry of agriculture and fisheries of London (627 values during 20 years at the point R 26[3] , the closest from the head of Flamanville. In order to complete the time-series, EDF, in collaboration with the National Laboratory of Hydraulic (LNH[4]), uses the two sensors Fertex and Aanderaa[5] at 12 meter depth to get an additional time-series of 999 seawater temperatures recorded from September 1976 to May 1980, in a discontinuous way. An increase of 1,2 °C in the annual mean seawater temperature is observed between the first and the third time-series. A key point when analysing those three time-series is to keep in mind the difference in the location, depth and in the sensor. Conclusions from comparisons of those three time series need to be done carefully. Those data are now updated each year before being published in an annual report for Ifremer and EDF[6] about the ecological and fishery monitoring of Flamanville Nuclear Power Station location.   [1] Geographical coordinates of the pumping station : 49,53 N – 1,88 W [2] LUMBY, J.R. 1935.- « Salinity and temperature of the English Channel ». Fishery Investigations, series II, vol. XIV, n°3 [3] Coordonnées géographiques du R 26 : 49° 37’ N – 02° 14’ W [4] Today Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE) [5] Geographical coordinates  of Fertex and Aanderaa : 49° 32’ 29’’N -  001° 53’ 49’’W [6] ROPERT M., E. ANTAJAN, G. COURTAY, L. DREVES, A. FOVEAU, T. HERNÀNDEZ FARIÑAS, C. LOOTS, I. SCHLAICH , B. SIMON. (2019). Surveillance écologique et halieutique du site électronucléaire de Flamanville : Année 2018. RST/ODE/UL/LERN-19.001. Conv. EDF C4493C0850. 217 p.

Fronts are ubiquitous discrete features of the global ocean often associated with enhanced vertical velocities, in turn boosting primary production and so forth. Fronts thus form dynamical and ephemeral ecosystems where numerous species meet across all trophic levels. Fronts are also targeted by fisheries. Capturing ocean fronts and studying their long-term variability in relation with climate change is thus key for marine resource management and spatial planning. The Mediterranean Sea and the Southwest Indian Ocean are natural laboratories to study front-marine life interactions due to their energetic flow at sub-to-mesoscales, high biodiversity (including endemic and endangered species) and numerous conservation initiatives. Based on remotely-sensed Sea Surface Temperature and Height, we compute thermal fronts (2003-2020) and attracting Lagrangian Coherent Structures (1994-2020), in both regions over several decades. We advocate for the combined use of both thermal fronts and attracting Lagrangian Coherent Structures to study front-marine life interactions. The resulting front database differs from other alternatives by its high spatio-temporal resolution, long time coverage, and relevant thresholds defined for ecological provinces.

The Sargassum group at LEGOS (Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales) brings together oceanographers, modelers, and remote-sensing specialists to study the dynamics of pelagic Sargassum in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean, with the aim of better understanding its origin, transport, variability, and coastal impacts. Our goal is to link basin-scale oceanic processes to coastal Sargassum arrivals by combining observations and numerical modeling, in order to improve the monitoring and predictability of Sargassum events. We develellop seasonal early-warning systems and contributes to improved management of Sargassum impacts in affected regions. Scientific focus : Coastal stranding processes and regional impacts in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and West Africa Sources and growth of pelagic Sargassum in the tropical Atlantic Transport pathways driven by currents, winds, and mesoscale circulation Seasonal to interannual variability, including extreme years

Climatologie de température/salinité de l'océan global basée sur une analyse objective: résolution 1/4° et 1°

Routine operation over a period shorter than 5 years (Enhanced Observation Period, EOP)

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) is initialized four times per day (0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC). NCEP upgraded their operational CFS to version 2 on March 30, 2011. This is the same model that was used to create the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the purpose of this dataset is to extend CFSR. The 6-hourly atmospheric, oceanic and land surface analyzed products and forecasts, available at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 degree horizontal resolutions, are archived here beginning with January 1, 2011 as an extension of CFSR.

Routine operation over a period shorter than 5 years (Enhanced Observation Period, EOP)

GOSUD aims at assembling in-situ observations of the world ocean surface collected by a variety of ships and at distributing quality controlled datasets.  At present time the variables considered by GOSUD are temperature and salinity. The GOSUD data are mostly collected using thermosalinographs (TSG) installed on research vessels, on commercial ships and in some cases on sailing exploration ships GOSUD manages both near-real time data and delayed mode (reprocessed) data.