Surface current data measured by the CNR-ISMAR HF radar network are made available in graphical format for the last 48 hours and in real time and delayed mode via a THREDDS catalog which provides metadata and data access. The web site gives information on HF radar technology, sites position and operational parameters, and links to the THREDDS catalog. The catalog offers different remote-data-access protocols such as Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OpenDaP), Web Coverage Service (WCS), Web Map Service (WMS) (OGS standards), as well as pure HTTP or NetCDF-Subsetter. They allow for metadata interrogation and data download (even sub-setting the dataset in terms of time and space) while embedded clients, such as GODIVA2, NetCDF-JavaToolsUI and Integrated Data Viewer, grant real-time data visualization directly via browser and allow for navigating within the plotted maps, saving images, exporting-importing on Google Earth, generating animations in selected time intervals. The data on the THREDDS catalog are organized in two folders, collecting the hourly current files of the last five days and grouping all the historical data. The two folders are accessible both in aggregated and in non-aggregated configuration. The data set consists of maps of radial and total velocity of the sea water surface current collected by the HF radars within the Italian Coastal Radar Network established in the framework of the Italian flagship project RITMARE. Surface ocean velocities estimated by HF Radar are representative of the upper 0.3-2.5 meters of the ocean. The radar sites are operated according to Quality Assessment procedures and data are processed for Quality Control. Data access tools are compliant to Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Climate and Forecast (CF) convention and INSPIRE directive. The use of netCDF format allows an easy implementation of all the open source services developed by UNIDATA.

Monthly time series of Total Nitrogen [mg/l] from model data

Wave forecasting models allow the representation of sea states based on a spectral resolution at the global scale or at the scale of ocean basins. This code calculates the evolution of the sea state by decomposing it into a wave spectrum that propagates in different directions and with different periods. During the propagation, the wave energy is increased or decreased by the effects of wind, breaking waves and energy exchanges between the different components. The wave forecasts available on data.shom.fr are calculated with 2 different types of models: MFWAM for the offshore domain (resolution from 0.5° to 0.1°) and Wavewatch III ® (WW3) for the coastal domain (resolution from 2' to 200m). MFWAM is a sea state forecasting model (wind wave and swell) derived from the third generation WAM code (WAMDI Group, 1988). Wavewatch III ® (WW3) is developed in a collaboration between the United States Weather Service (NOAA/NCEP), Shom, the University of Darmstadt in Germany, and other partners. The forecasts published on data.shom.fr are issued from the parameterization carried out and optimized by the Shom and Météo-France within the framework of the Homonim project (national coastal flood/wave/storm warning system).

ROCCH, the French Chemical Contaminant Monitoring Network, regularly provides data for assessing the chemical quality of French coastal waters. Concentrations of trace metals and organic compounds are measured in integrative matrices (bivalves and sediments). Surface sediment samples are collected from 200 to 250 monitoring stations in the English Channel, the Bay of Biscay and Mediterranean lagoons every six years. Results concerning approximately 140 historical and emerging chemical substances (metals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, PFAS …) are submitted to international databases of the Regional Sea Convention (OSPAR for the North East Atlantic and the Barcelona Convention for the Mediterranean) and disseminated to public stakeholders. During the ROCCHSED campaign in spring 2022, three sediment cores, each forty to fifty centimetres long, were collected from three different sites in the Bay of Biscay. Horizons of one to two centimetres in length were dated, sieved and freeze-dried for chemical analysis. The concentrations of metals, PAHs and PCBs were determined in horizons aged from over 150 years to the present in order to define the reference concentration of natural levels and describe the temporal profile of contamination.

The technologies developed will expand our knowledge of the ocean’s interconnected systems and provide tangible benefits to the industries that rely on them, such as fisheries and aquaculture. The data generated will also support conservation initiatives and provide vital information to policy makers. The future impact of these valuable technologies relies on their accessibility. Therefore, TechOceanS technology pilots will be low-cost and place minimal demands on existing infrastructure, allowing them to be made available for use by all countries regardless of resources. TechOceanS will also work with the IOC-UNESCO to develop “ocean best practices” standards for training and monitoring of metrology and ocean systems.

A final aggregated vulnerability index was obtained by combining all the partial indices belonging to each of the five vectors with V4 scores multiplied by −1 since Vector 4 indicators are of “resilience” rather than of “vulnerability”. Figures 6a and 6b show respectively map and cartogram of the geographical distribution obtained for this vector. As can be seen, except for most of Ireland, the Atlantic European coast ap- pears in redish colours corresponding to higher values of vulnerability.

One product and 3 components were developed in order to fulfill the third objectif ATLANTIC_CH02_Product_5 / Distribution of ocean monitoring systems to assess climate change existing into the MPA network • Physical parameter monitoring • Chemical parameter monitoring • Biological parameter monitoring The aim of the product is the identification of ocean monitoring systems to assess climate change in MPAs.