Seasonal climatology of Water body silicate for Loire river for the period 1950-2024 and for the following seasons: - winter: January-March, - spring: April-June, - summer: July-September, - autumn: October-December. Observation data span from 1950 to 2024. Depth levels (m): [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0, 100.0, 110.0, 120.0, 130.0]. Data sources: observational data from SeaDataNet/EMODNet Chemistry Data Network. Description of DIVAnd analysis: the computation was done with DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n dimensions), version 2.7.12, using GEBCO 15 sec topography for the spatial connectivity of water masses. The horizontal resolution of the produced DIVAnd maps is 0.01 degrees. Horizontal correlation length is defined seasonally (in meters): 133000 (winter), 180000 (spring), 150000 (summer), 210000 (autumn). Vertical correlation length was optimized and vertically filtered and a seasonally-averaged profile was used (DIVAnd.fitvertlen). Signal-to-noise ratio was fixed to 1 for vertical profiles and 0.1 for time series to account for the redundancy in the time series observations. A logarithmic transformation (DIVAnd.loglin) was applied to the data prior to the analysis. Background field: the vertically-filtered data mean profile is substracted from the data. Detrending of data: no, advection constraint applied: no. Units: umol/l.

This visualization product displays the size of litter in percent per net per year from specific protocols different from research and monitoring protocols. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Before 2021, there was no coordinated effort at the regional or European scale for micro-litter. Given this situation, EMODnet Chemistry proposed to adopt the data gathering and data management approach as generally applied for marine data, i.e., populating metadata and data in the CDI Data Discovery and Access service using dedicated SeaDataNet data transport formats. EMODnet Chemistry is currently the official EU collector of micro-litter data from Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) National Monitoring activities (descriptor 10). A series of specific standard vocabularies or standard terms related to micro-litter have been added to SeaDataNet NVS (NERC Vocabulary Server) Common Vocabularies to describe the micro-litter. European micro-litter data are collected by the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs). Micro-litter map products are generated from NODCs data after a test of the aggregated collection including data and data format checks and data harmonization. A filter is applied to represent only micro-litter sampled according to a very specific protocol such as the Volvo Ocean Race (VOR) or Oceaneye. To calculate percentages for each size, formula applied is: Size (%) = (∑number of particles of each size)*100 / (∑number of particles of all size) When the number of micro-litters was not filled or was equal to zero, it was not possible to calculate the percentage. Standard vocabularies for micro-litter size classes are taken from Seadatanet's H03 library (https://vocab.seadatanet.org/v_bodc_vocab_v2/search.asp?lib=H03 ). Different protocols with different degrees of precision were used to classify the sampled micro-litters. Consequently, on the map, the distribution of micro-litter in the size classes depends on the protocol applied during the survey. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) for this area.

This visualization product displays beaches locations where the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) monitoring protocol has been applied to collate data on macrolitter (> 2.5 cm). Reference lists associated with these protocols have been indicated with different colors in the map. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Since the beginning of 2018, data of beach litter have been gathered and processed in the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (MLDB). The harmonization of all the data has been the most challenging task considering the heterogeneity of the data sources, sampling protocols and reference lists used on a European scale. Preliminary processings were necessary to harmonize all the data: - Exclusion of OSPAR 1000 protocol: in order to follow the approach of OSPAR that it is not including these data anymore in the monitoring; - Selection of MSFD surveys only (exclusion of other monitoring, cleaning and research operations); - Exclusion of beaches without coordinates; - Some categories & some litter types like organic litter, small fragments (paraffin and wax; items > 2.5cm) and pollutants have been removed. This list was created using EU Marine Beach Litter Baselines, the European Threshold Value for Macro Litter on Coastlines and the Joint list of litter categories for marine macro-litter monitoring from JRC (these three documents are attached to this metadata). More information is available in the attached documents. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the Marine Litter Database for this area.

This visualization product displays the density of floating micro-litter per net normalized in grams per km² per year from specific protocols different from research and monitoring protocols. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Before 2021, there was no coordinated effort at the regional or European scale for micro-litter. Given this situation, EMODnet Chemistry proposed to adopt the data gathering and data management approach as generally applied for marine data, i.e., populating metadata and data in the CDI Data Discovery and Access service using dedicated SeaDataNet data transport formats. EMODnet Chemistry is currently the official EU collector of micro-litter data from Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) National Monitoring activities (descriptor 10). A series of specific standard vocabularies or standard terms related to micro-litter have been added to SeaDataNet NVS (NERC Vocabulary Server) Common Vocabularies to describe the micro-litter. European micro-litter data are collected by the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs). Micro-litter map products are generated from NODCs data after a test of the aggregated collection including data and data format checks and data harmonization. A filter is applied to represent only micro-litter sampled according to a very specific protocol such as the Volvo Ocean Race (VOR) or Oceaneye. Densities were calculated for each net using the following calculation: Density (weight of particles per km²) = Micro-litter weight / (Sampling effort (km) * Net opening (cm) * 0.00001) When the weight of microlitters or the net opening was not filled, it was not possible to calculate the density. Percentiles 50, 75, 95 & 99 have been calculated taking into account data for all years. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) for this area.

This visualization product displays the density of seafloor litter per trawl. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Since the beginning of 2018, data of seafloor litter collected by international fish-trawl surveys have been gathered and processed in the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (MLDB). The harmonization of all the data has been the most challenging task considering the heterogeneity of the data sources, sampling protocols (OSPAR and MEDITS protocols) and reference lists used on a European scale. Moreover, within the same protocol, different gear types are deployed during bottom trawl surveys. In cases where the wingspread and/or the number of items were/was unknown, it was not possible to use the data because these fields are needed to calculate the density. Data collected before 2011 are concerned by this filter. When the distance reported in the data was null, it was calculated from: - the ground speed and the haul duration using the following formula: Distance (km) = Haul duration (h) * Ground speed (km/h); - the trawl coordinates if the ground speed and the haul duration were not filled in. The swept area was calculated from the wingspread (which depends on the fishing gear type) and the distance trawled: Swept area (km²) = Distance (km) * Wingspread (km) Densities were calculated on each trawl and year using the following computation: Density (number of items per km²) = ∑Number of items / Swept area (km²) Percentiles 50, 75, 95 & 99 were calculated taking into account data for all years. More information on data processing and calculation are detailed in the attached document. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the Marine Litter Database for this area.

This dataset contains the outputs of nutrients concentrations of a global ocean simulation coupling dynamics and biogeochemistry at ¼° over the year 2019. The simulation has been performed using the coupled circulation/ecosystem model NEMO/PISCES (https://www.nemo-ocean.eu/), which is here enhanced to perform an ensemble simulation with explicit simulation of modeling uncertainties in the physics and in the biogeochemistry. This dataset is one of the 40 members of the ensemble simulation. This study was part of the Horizon Europe project SEAMLESS (https://seamlessproject.org/Home.html), with the general objective of improving the analysis and forecast of ecosystem indicators.   See Popov et al. (https://os.copernicus.org/articles/20/155/2024/) for more details on the study.

Ensemble simulations of the ecosystem model Apecosm (https://apecosm.org) forced by the IPSL-CM6-LR climate model with the climate change scenario SSP5-8.5. The output files contain yearly mean biomass density for 3 communities (epipelagic, mesopelagic migratory and mesopelagic redidents) and 100 size classes (ranging from 0.12cm to 1.96m) The model grid file is also provided. Units are in J/m2 and can be converted in kg/m2 by dividing by 4e6. These outputs are associated with the "Assessing the time of emergence of marine ecosystems from global to local scales using IPSL-CM6A-LR/APECOSM climate-to-fish ensemble simulations" paper from the Earth's Future "Past and Future of Marine Ecosystems" Special Collection.

Moving 6-year analysis of Water body silicate in the Mediterranean Sea for each season: - winter: January-March, - spring: April-June, - summer: July-September, - autumn: October-December. Every year of the time dimension corresponds to the 6-year centered average of the season. 6-years periods span from 1970-1975 until 2018-2023. Description of DIVA analysis: The computation was done with the DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n dimensions), version 2.7.12, using GEBCO 30sec topography for the spatial connectivity of water masses. The horizontal resolution of the produced DIVAnd maps grids is dx=dy=0.125 degrees (around 13.5km and 10.9km accordingly). The vertical resolution is 25 depth levels: [0.,5.,10.,20.,30.,50.,75.,100.,125.,150.,200.,250.,300.,400.,500.,600.,700.,800.,900.,1000.,1100.,1200.,1300.,1400.,1500.]. The horizontal correlation length is 200km. The vertical correlation length (in meters) was set twices the vertical resolution: [10.,10.,20.,20.,40.,50.,50.,50.,50.,100.,100.,100.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.,200.]. Duplicates check was performed using the following criteria for space and time: dlon=0.001deg., dlat=0.001deg., ddepth=1m, dtime=1hour, dvalue=0.1. The error variance (epsilon2) was set equal to 1 for profiles and 10 for time series to reduce the influence of close data near the coasts. An anamorphosis transformation was applied to the data (function DIVAnd.Anam.loglin) to avoid unrealistic negative values: threshold value=200. A background analysis field was used for all years (1970-2023) with correlation length equal to 600km and error variance (epsilon2) equal to 20. Quality control of the observations was applied using the interpolated field (QCMETHOD=3). Residuals (differences between the observations and the analysis (interpolated linearly to the location of the observations) were calculated. Observations with residuals outside the minimum and maximum values of the 99% quantile were discarded from the analysis. Originators of Italian data sets-List of contributors: - Brunetti Fabio (OGS) - Cardin Vanessa, Bensi Manuel doi:10.6092/36728450-4296-4e6a-967d-d5b6da55f306 - Cardin Vanessa, Bensi Manuel, Ursella Laura, Siena Giuseppe doi:10.6092/f8e6d18e-f877-4aa5-a983-a03b06ccb987 - Cataletto Bruno (OGS) - Cinzia Comici Cinzia (OGS) - Civitarese Giuseppe (OGS) - DeVittor Cinzia (OGS) - Giani Michele (OGS) - Kovacevic Vedrana (OGS) - Mosetti Renzo (OGS) - Solidoro C.,Beran A.,Cataletto B.,Celussi M.,Cibic T.,Comici C.,Del Negro P.,De Vittor C.,Minocci M.,Monti M.,Fabbro C.,Falconi C.,Franzo A.,Libralato S.,Lipizer M.,Negussanti J.S.,Russel H.,Valli G., doi:10.6092/e5518899-b914-43b0-8139-023718aa63f5 - Celio Massimo (ARPA FVG) - Malaguti Antonella (ENEA) - Fonda Umani Serena (UNITS) - Bignami Francesco (ISAC/CNR) - Boldrini Alfredo (ISMAR/CNR) - Marini Mauro (ISMAR/CNR) - Miserocchi Stefano (ISMAR/CNR) - Zaccone Renata (IAMC/CNR) - Lavezza, R., Dubroca, L. F. C., Ludicone, D., Kress, N., Herut, B., Civitarese, G., Cruzado, A., Lefèvre, D.,Souvermezoglou, E., Yilmaz, A., Tugrul, S., and Ribera d'Alcala, M.: Compilation of quality controlled nutrient profiles from the Mediterranean Sea, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.771907, 2011.

The SOMLIT-Antioche observation station, located at 5 nautical miles from Chef de Baie harbor (La Rochelle) is part of the French monitoring network SOMLIT (https://www.somlit.fr/), accredited by the INSU-CNRS as a national Earth Science Observatory (Service National d’Observation : SNO), which comprises 12 observation stations distributed throughout France in coastal locations. It aims to detect long-term changes  of these ecosystems under both natural and anthropogenic forcings. SOMLIT is part of the national research infrastructure for coastal ocean observation ILICO (https://www.ir-ilico.fr/?PagePrincipale&lang=en). The SOMLIT-Antioche station (46.0842 °N, 1.30833 °W) is located in the north-eastern part of the Bay of Biscay, halfway between the islands of Ré and Oléron, at the centre of what is commonly known as the Pertuis Charentais area, which correspond to a semi-enclosed shallow basin and includes four islands (Ré, Oléron, Aix and Madame) and three Pertuis (i.e., detroit) (Breton, Antioche and Maumusson). This 40m-deep site, with muddy to sandy marine bottoms, is submitted to a macro-tidal regime and is largely open to the prevailing westerly swells. It remains under a dominant oceanic/neritic influence, even though its winter/spring hydrological context is influenced by the diluted plumes of the Charente, Gironde and Loire rivers, but not by those of too small estuaries (Lay, Seudre and Sèvre Niortaise). SOMLIT-Antioche hydrological monitoring has been carried out by the LIENSs/OASU laboratory on a fortnightly basis since June 2011. Surface water samples are collected  at high-tide during intermediate tides (70 ± 10 in SHOM units) on board the research  vessel ‘L’Estran’ owned by La Rochelle University. Samples are analyzed for more than 16 core parameters: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, silicates, suspended matter, particulate organic carbone, particulate organic nitrogen, chlorophyll, delta15N, delta13C; pico- and nano- plankton. Measurements are carried out in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard. Simultaneous monitoring of the micro-phytoplankton community (since 2013, SNO PHYTOBS: https://www.phytobs.fr/en) and monitoring of prokaryotic communities (Bacteria and Archaea) are also carried out on a monthly basis. Since 2019, seasonal observations of benthic invertebrate communities (SNO BenthObs : https://www.benthobs.fr/) have also been carried out. This monitoring is complementary to that carried out at hydrological stations in the pre-existing REPHY and DCE networks, some of which are located near marine farming areas (oyster and mussel farms).

This visualization product displays the spatial distribution of fishing related items density per trawl. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Since the beginning of 2018, data of seafloor litter collected by international fish-trawl surveys have been gathered and processed in the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (MLDB). The harmonization of all the data has been the most challenging task considering the heterogeneity of the data sources, sampling protocols (OSPAR and MEDITS protocols) and reference lists used on a European scale. Moreover, within the same protocol, different gear types are deployed during bottom trawl surveys. In cases where the wingspread and/or number of items were/was unknown, it was not possible to use the data because these fields are needed to calculate the density. Data collected before 2011 are concerned by this filter. When the distance reported in the data was null, it was calculated from: - the ground speed and the haul duration using the following formula: Distance (km) = Haul duration (h) * Ground speed (km/h); - the trawl coordinates if the ground speed and the haul duration were not filled in. The swept area was calculated from the wingspread (which depends on the fishing gear type) and the distance trawled: Swept area (km²) = Distance (km) * Wingspread (km) Densities were calculated on each trawl and year using the following computation: Density of fishing related items (number of items per km²) = ∑Number of fishing related items / Swept area (km²) Then a grid with 30km x 30km cells was used to calculate the weighted mean of densities in each cell from the formula : Weighted mean (number of items per km²) = ∑ (Distance (km) * Density (number of items per km²)) / ∑ Distance (km) Percentiles 50, 75, 95 & 99 were calculated taking into account data for all years. More information on data processing and calculation are detailed in the attached methodology document. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the Marine Litter Database for this area. This work is based on the work presented in the following scientific article: O. Gerigny, M. Brun, M.C. Fabri, C. Tomasino, M. Le Moigne, A. Jadaud, F. Galgani, Seafloor litter from the continental shelf and canyons in French Mediterranean Water: Distribution, typologies and trends, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 146, 2019, Pages 653-666, ISSN 0025-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.030.