This visualization product displays the cigarette related items abundance of marine macro-litter (> 2.5cm) per beach per year from Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) monitoring surveys without UNEP-MARLIN data. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Since the beginning of 2018, data of beach litter have been gathered and processed in the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (MLDB). The harmonization of all the data has been the most challenging task considering the heterogeneity of the data sources, sampling protocols and reference lists used on a European scale. Preliminary processings were necessary to harmonize all the data: - Exclusion of OSPAR 1000 protocol: in order to follow the approach of OSPAR that it is not including these data anymore in the monitoring; - Selection of MSFD surveys only (exclusion of other monitoring, cleaning and research operations); - Exclusion of beaches without coordinates; - Selection of cigarette related items only. The list of selected items is attached to this metadata. This list was created using EU Marine Beach Litter Baselines, the European Threshold Value for Macro Litter on Coastlines and the Joint list of litter categories for marine macro-litter monitoring from JRC (these three documents are attached to this metadata); - Exclusion of surveys referring to the UNEP-MARLIN list: the UNEP-MARLIN protocol differs from the other types of monitoring in that cigarette butts are surveyed in a 10m square. To avoid comparing abundances from very different protocols, the choice has been made to distinguish in two maps the cigarette related items results associated with the UNEP-MARLIN list from the others; - Normalization of survey lengths to 100m & 1 survey / year: in some case, the survey length was not exactly 100m, so in order to be able to compare the abundance of litter from different beaches a normalization is applied using this formula: Number of cigarette related items of the survey (normalized by 100 m) = Number of cigarette related items of the survey x (100 / survey length) Then, this normalized number of cigarette related items is summed to obtain the total normalized number of cigarette related items for each survey. Finally, the median abundance of cigarette related items for each beach and year is calculated from these normalized abundances of cigarette related items per survey. Sometimes the survey length was null or equal to 0. Assuming that the MSFD protocol has been applied, the length has been set at 100m in these cases. Percentiles 50, 75, 95 & 99 have been calculated taking into account cigarette related items from MSFD monitoring data (excluding UNEP-MARLIN protocol) for all years. More information is available in the attached documents. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the Marine Litter Database for this area.

Rocch, the french "mussel watch", provides chemical data for marine quality management. Once a year, trace metals, organic compounds (chlorinated, PAH, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated compounds, organotins ...) are analysed in molluscs tissues to check chemical quality according to European Framework Directives and to Regional Seas Convention (OSPAR).

Sardine physiological measurments from september to november 2020

The network was initiated by IFREMER from 1993 to 2009 (under the acronym REMORA) to study the rearing performance of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas at a national scale. To do so, the network monitored annually the mortality and growth of standardized batches of 18-month-old oysters. Starting in 1995, the monitoring of the rearing performance of 6-month-old oyster spat was integrated into this network. These sentinel batches were distributed simultaneously each year on 43 sites and were monitored quarterly. These sites were distributed over the main French oyster farming areas and allowed a national coverage of the multiannual evolution of oyster farming performances. Most of the sites were located on the foreshore at comparable levels of immersion. Field studies were carried out by the "Laboratoires Environnement Ressources" (LER) for the sites included in their geographical area of investigation. Following the increase in spat mortality in 2008, the network evolved in 2009 (under the acronym RESCO). From this date, the network selected 13 sites among the 43 sites previously monitored in order to increase the frequency of visits (twice a month) and the number of sentinel batches. More precisely, sentinel batches of oysters corresponding to different origins (wild or hatchery, diploid or triploid) and to two rearing age classes (spat or 18-month-old adults) were selected. The monitoring of environmental variables (temperature, salinity) associated with the 13 sites was also implemented. The actions of the network have thus contributed to disentangle the biotic and abiotic parameters involved in mortality phenomena, taking into account the different compartments (environment / host / infectious agents) likely to interact with the evolution of oyster rearing performance. Finally, since 2015, the network has merged the RESCO and VELYGER networks to adopt the acronym ECOSCOPA. The general objective of this current network is to analyze the causes of spatio-temporal variability of the main life traits (Larval stage - Recruitment - Reproduction - Growth - Survival - Cytogenetic abnormalities) of the cupped oyster in France and to follow their evolution on the long term in the context of climate change. To do this, the network proposes a regular spatio-temporal monitoring of the major proxies of the life cycle of the oyster, organized in three major thematic groups: (1) proxies related to growth, physiological tolerance and survival of experimental sentinel populations over 3 age classes: (2) proxies related to reproduction, larval phase and recruitment of the species throughout its natural range in France, and: (3) proxies related to environmental parameters essential to the species (weather conditions, temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton) at daily or sub-hourly frequencies. Working in a geographical network associating several laboratories, ECOSCOPA provide these monitoring within 8 sites selected among the previous ones to ensure the continuity of the data acquisition. Today, these 8 sites are considered as ecosystems of common interest, contrasted, namely : - The Thau lagoon - The Arcachon basin - The Marennes Oléron basin - The Bourgneuf Bay - The bay of Vilaine - The bay of Brest - The bay of Mont Saint Michel - The bay of Veys The ECOSCOPA network is therefore one of the relevant monitoring tools on a national scale, allowing to objectively measure through different proxies the general state of health of cultivated and wild oyster populations, and this for the different sensitive phases of their life cycle. This network aims at allowing a better evaluation, on the long term, of the biological risks incurred by the sector but also by the ecosystems, in particular under the increasing constraint of climatic and anthropic changes. Figure : Sites monitored by the ECOSCOPA network  

This visualization product displays the total abundance of marine macro-litter (> 2.5cm) per beach, per 100m & to 1 survey aggregated over the period 2001 to 2023 from Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) monitoring surveys. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Since the beginning of 2018, data of beach litter have been gathered and processed in the EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (MLDB). The harmonization of all the data has been the most challenging task considering the heterogeneity of the data sources, sampling protocols and reference lists used on a European scale. Preliminary processings were necessary to harmonize all the data: - Exclusion of OSPAR 1000 protocol: in order to follow the approach of OSPAR that it is not including these data anymore in the monitoring; - Selection of MSFD surveys only (exclusion of other monitoring, cleaning and research operations); - Exclusion of beaches without coordinates; - Some categories & some litter types like organic litter, small fragments (paraffin and wax; items > 2.5cm) and pollutants have been removed. The list of selected items is attached to this metadata (total abundance list). This list was created using EU Marine Beach Litter Baselines, the European Threshold Value for Macro Litter on Coastlines and the Joint list of litter categories for marine macro-litter monitoring from JRC (these three documents are attached to this metadata); - Normalization of survey lengths to 100m & 1 survey / year: in some cases, the survey length was not exactly 100m, so in order to be able to compare the abundance of litter from different beaches a normalization is applied using this formula: Number of items (normalized by 100 m) = Number of litter per items x (100 / survey length) Then, this normalized number of items is summed to obtain the total normalized number of litter for each survey. Finally, a median is calculated over the entire period among all these total numbers of litter per 100m calculated for each survey. Sometimes the survey length was null or equal to 0. Assuming that the MSFD protocol has been applied, the length has been set at 100m in these cases. The size of each circle on this map increases with the calculated median number of marine litter per beach, per 100m & to 1 survey. The median litter abundance values displayed in the legend correspond to the 50 and 99 percentiles and the maximum value. More information is available in the attached documents. Warning: - the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the Marine Litter Database for this area. - This map was created to give an idea of the distribution of beach litter between 2001 and 2023 in a synthetic manner. NOT ALL BEACHES MAY HAVE DATA FOR THE ENTIRE PERIOD, SO IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO MAKE A COMPARISON BETWEEN BEACHES.

EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide access to marine chemistry datasets and derived data products concerning eutrophication, acidity and contaminants. The importance of the selected substances and other parameters relates to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This aggregated dataset contains all unrestricted EMODnet Chemistry data on eutrophication and acidity, and covers the Greater North Sea and Celtic Seas. Data were aggregated and quality controlled by 'Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Marine Ecology Roskilde' in Denmark. ITS-90 water temperature and water body salinity variables have also been included ('as are') to complete the eutrophication and acidity data. If you use these variables for calculations, please refer to SeaDataNet for the quality flags: https://www.seadatanet.org/Products/Aggregated-datasets . Regional datasets concerning eutrophication and acidity are automatically harvested, and the resulting collections are aggregated and quality controlled using ODV Software and following a common methodology for all sea regions ( https://doi.org/10.13120/8xm0-5m67 ). Parameter names are based on P35 vocabulary, which relates to EMODnet Chemistry aggregated parameter names and is available at: https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/search_nvs/P35/ . When not present in original data, water body nitrate plus nitrite was calculated by summing all nitrate and nitrite parameters. The same procedure was applied for water body dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), which was calculated by summing all nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium parameters. Concentrations per unit mass were converted to a unit volume using a constant density of 1.025 kg/L. The aggregated dataset can also be downloaded as an ODV collection and spreadsheet, which is composed of a metadata header followed by tab separated values. This spreadsheet can be imported to ODV Software for visualisation (more information can be found at: https://www.seadatanet.org/Software/ODV ).

This visualization product displays the size of litter in percent per net per year from specific protocols different from research and monitoring protocols. EMODnet Chemistry included the collection of marine litter in its 3rd phase. Before 2021, there was no coordinated effort at the regional or European scale for micro-litter. Given this situation, EMODnet Chemistry proposed to adopt the data gathering and data management approach as generally applied for marine data, i.e., populating metadata and data in the CDI Data Discovery and Access service using dedicated SeaDataNet data transport formats. EMODnet Chemistry is currently the official EU collector of micro-litter data from Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) National Monitoring activities (descriptor 10). A series of specific standard vocabularies or standard terms related to micro-litter have been added to SeaDataNet NVS (NERC Vocabulary Server) Common Vocabularies to describe the micro-litter. European micro-litter data are collected by the National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs). Micro-litter map products are generated from NODCs data after a test of the aggregated collection including data and data format checks and data harmonization. A filter is applied to represent only micro-litter sampled according to a very specific protocol such as the Volvo Ocean Race (VOR) or Oceaneye. To calculate percentages for each size, formula applied is: Size (%) = (∑number of particles of each size)*100 / (∑number of particles of all size) When the number of micro-litters was not filled or was equal to zero, it was not possible to calculate the percentage. Standard vocabularies for micro-litter size classes are taken from Seadatanet's H03 library (https://vocab.seadatanet.org/v_bodc_vocab_v2/search.asp?lib=H03 ). Different protocols with different degrees of precision were used to classify the sampled micro-litters. Consequently, on the map, the distribution of micro-litter in the size classes depends on the protocol applied during the survey. Warning: the absence of data on the map does not necessarily mean that they do not exist, but that no information has been entered in the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) for this area.

The BioSWOT-Med campaign (Doglioli et al., 2023) was conducted aboard R/V L’Atalante from April 20 to May 15, 2023 in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, in the region of the North Balearic Front (NBF) to study interactions between fine-scale oceanic circulation and biogeochemical processes.  Three water masses were sampled across the NBF, northern ('A'), southern ('B'), and frontal ('F'). Each Lagrangian station consisted of a 24-hour sampling period following the displacement of a water parcel (Doglioli et al., 2024). Vertical profiles down to 500 m were collected every 6 hours at 06:00 ('T1'), 12:00 ('T2'), 18:00 ('T3'), and 00:00 ('T4') UTC, for a total of 28 Lagrangian stations: first between April~24-28 (A1, F1, B1), and again between May~4-7 (B2, F2, A2), with a final station in southern waters (B3) on May~12-13. B2 and B3 stations were located inside an anticyclonic eddy. Hydrological profiles were obtained using a Sea-Bird CTD, with data averaged to a 1~m vertical resolution, they include potential temperature (°C), practical salinity, fluorescence-derived chlorophyll-a (µg/L) and oxygen (µmol/kg).  Samples for nitrate + nitrite and phosphate (µM) were collected from Niskin bottles and analyzed onboard within 2-12~hours using a segmented flow analyzer (AAIII HR Seal Analytical) following (Aminot et al., 2007). Quantification limits (QL) were 0.05 µM for nitrate and 0.02 µM for phosphate. Phosphate concentrations at a nanomolar level analyses were performed in the laboratory using a high-sensitivity method combining a 1 m Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell (LWCC) and an auto-analyzer (Zhang et al. 2002), achieving a detection limit of 0.002µM.  A BGC-Argo float (WMO: 1902605 - Provor CTS4 SUNA) equipped with a CTD and SUNA nitrate sensor was deployed near station B2 and sampled the anticyclonic eddy. To better resolve the photic and nutricline layers, the standard sampling cycle was modified to a 6-hour frequency, reaching depths of 300-400~m. The BGC-Argo float nitrate dataset spans May~2-16 and includes 55~profiles, with a 0.5 µM limit of quantification. It passed through a nitrate calibration procedure against 8 ship-made  profiles at B2 and B3. Data export in NetCDF format - Dataset at the 7 Lagrangian stations (28 vertical profiles for each variable, 4 at each station):  ‘BioSWOT-Med_LS_Date_Time.nc’ (with day, time, longitude and latitude);  ‘BioSWOT-Med_LS_Nutrients.nc’ (with nitrate, phosphate and phosphate at nanomolar level concentrations and depths);  'BioSWOT-Med_LS_CTD.nc' (with temperature in situ, practical salinity, chlorophyll-a and oxygen concentrations, photosynthetically active radiations and depth). - Dataset of the BGC-Argo float including 55 vertical profiles recorded between May 2 and 16:  'BioSWOT-Med_BGC-Argo' (with day and time, longitude, latitude; nitrate concentrations with associated depth; temperature in situ and practical salinity associated depth; chlorophyll-a concentrations with associated predepthssure; and oxygen concentrations with associated depth). Contact list  Aude Joël (aude.joel@mio.osupytheas.fr), Sandra Nunige (sandra.nunige@mio.osupytheas.fr, for ship-made nutrient dataset), Riccardo Martellucci (rmartellucci@ogs.it, for the BGC-Argo float dataset) and Andrea Doglioli (andrea.doglioli@mio.osupytheas.fr, for the BioSWOT-Med cruise). References Aminot, A., & Kérouel, R. 2007. Dosage automatique des nutriments dans les eaux marines: méthodes en flux continu. Méthodes d’analyse en milieu marin. Ifremer. Doglioli, A.M., & Gregori, G. 2023. BioSWOT-Med cruise, RV L’Atalante. doi:10.17600/18002392. Doglioli, A., Grégori, G., D’Ovidio, F., Bosse, P. E., A., Carlotti, F., Lescot, M.,. . . Waggonet, E. (2024). Bioswot med. biological applicati.ons of the satellite surface water and ocean topography in the mediterranean. ref. rapport de campagne. université aix-marseille. (doi:10.13155/100060) Zhang, J.Z., & Chi, J. 2002. Automated analysis of nanomolar concentrations of phosphate in natural waters with liquid waveguide. Environ Sci Technol., 1;36(5), 1048–53. doi: 10.1021/es011094v.  

Rocch, the french "mussel watch", provides regulatory data for shellfish area quality management. Once a year, molluscs (mainly mussels and oysters) were sampled at fixed periods (currently mid-February, with a tolerance of one tide before and after the target date) on 70 to 80  monitoring stations in areas used as bivalve molluscs production. For each monitoring station, molluscs are collected in wild beds or facilities, ensuring a minimum stay of 6 months on-site before sampling. The individuals selected are adults of a single species and uniform size (30 to 60 mm long for mussels, 2 to 3 years old for oysters, and commercial size for other species). A minimum of 50 mussels (and other species of similar size) or 10 oysters is required to constitute a representative pooled sample. Lead, mercury, cadmium, PAHs, PCBs, dioxins and, since 2023, regulated PFASs are analysed in molluscs tissues.

Data were collected by the Laboratoire de Ressources Halieutiques d'Aquitaine (Ifremer). The observations were carried out between April 1992 and July 2006. Observations and measures were made on board commercial vessels, practicing on Adour River generally in springtime and in summer. Sampling of catches took place on the river between March and July; The researchers took scales, a blood sample, took measurements of length and weight on the fish caught by the fishermen during the observed fishing trips. Sampling was of sampling-by-opportunity type. The driftnet is an emblematic and very old métier in this area, targeting different species as atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), sea trout (Salmo trutta), sea Lamprey (Pétromyzon marinus) and also allis shad (Alosa alosa). This activity is framed by particular regulation as quota of fishing days and licenses. Between 15 and 20 costal boats practice this métier during the year and the fleet characteristics are homogenous. The boats put the net in the water (around 100 m long) and let it drift with the surface current (downstream) while the tide is rising; the fish swimming upstream the river are then trapped in the water column. Different meshes can be used.